Monday, 30 November 2015

A Metamaterial based Microstrip Patch Antenna with Improved Directionality

A Metamaterial based Microstrip Patch Antenna with Improved Directionality



Author(s):
Nitin Kumar , Dehradun Institute of Technology (DIT University); Anumeha Badoni, Dehradun Institute of Technology (DIT University); Pravesh Belwal, Dehradun Institute of Technology (DIT University); Ranjita Singh, Dehradun Institute of Technology (DIT University); Sandeep Sharma, Dehradun Institute of Technology (DIT University)

Keywords:
HFSS, Patch Antenna, Metamaterial, Reduced Beam-Width

Abstact:
This paper focuses on improving the directive properties of a conventional patch antenna by using a known technique of applying metamaterial slab as a cover. The metamaterial under consideration is a modification of Pendry's SRR structure and is equivalent to two SRRs connected back to back. The unit cells were arranged in an array configuration, investigation of S- parameters was done for checking the Negative index property. As expected with the use of metamaterial as a cover, directionality of conventional patch antenna improved significantly and the 3 dB beam-width reduced. A conventional patch antenna generally shows 3 dB beam-width of ~80deg while the antenna presented in this paper with the metamaterial shows improved 3dB beam-width of 45 deg.

Monday, 9 November 2015

National Conference on ICT : IJSRD

NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ICT

Transforming ICT to IoT


In association with


IJSRD– International Journal for Scientific Research & Development

SAL Institute of Technology & Engineering Research, affiliated to the Gujarat Technological University, Ahmedabad., is organizing 1-day event named National Conference on ICT”  on 20th January 2016 in association with IJSRD.
The conference aims to provide an opportunity to teachers/mentors/ educators and students to acknowledge, celebrate and showcase research being carried out by students by enabling them to engage with the wider communities to exchange ideas and share intellectual activity through paper presentations sessions. The event shall feature research papers presentations by eminent educators and students from all over India in the field of ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) & IoT (Internet of Things).


Organised by

SAL Institute of Technology & Engineering Research
Opp, Science city, Sola Bhadaj Road,
Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380060
Website : www.sal.edu.in


Publication Partner

IJSRDInternational Journal  for Scientific Research & Development
Website: ijsrd.com

Friday, 16 October 2015

IJSRD: International Journal for Scientific Research and Development

IJSRD : Impact Factor 2.39 , Call For Paper

IJSRD: International Journal for Scientific Research and Development

Benefits of Authors



 
  • IJSRD is an Open-Access peer reviewed International Journal
  • Exhaustive list of executive board members who were invited from all the Colleges , Universities and research organization
  • Research scholar can download any article from the website for free of cost
  • Research scholar can submit the manuscript online
  • Research scholar can check the status of paper online.
  • Simple steps for publication of research articles and review articles
  • Authors can refer the statistics for each article downloaded.
  • IJSRD is Open access journal for high indexing and promotion of your published papers
  • IJSRD promotes "Go Green" by providing e-publication of research paper
  • Share free Knowledge and promote "Research"

Wednesday, 23 September 2015

NCIL - 2015 - Coneference : IJSRD

NCIL - 2015
National Conference on "Student-driven Research for Inspired Learning" in Science and Technology
Organised by ESRC and Dept of Electronics
Publication Partner International Journal for scientific research & Development (IJSRD)
Date: 16-17 October 2015

Call for Papers

We invite Educators, Scholars and Students to contribute to the conference with papers/posters that address themes mentioned above. Faculty members / Students interested to attend the conference may register by filling registration form attached below latest by 10th September 2015. Early submissions are welcome. The papers received will be reviewed by a panel of experts and the authors of the selected papers will be informed accordingly.

All papers presented in the conference shall be published in Special edition of International Journal  for Scientific Research & Development (ISSN No (online). 2321-0613. Impact Factor: 2.39)


Publication Partner

IJSRDInternational Journal  for Scientific Research & Development
Website: ijsrd.com


Monday, 21 September 2015

Loose Clustering based QoS Aware Routing Protocol for Power Heterogeneous MANETs #ijsrd


Author Name : Chozha Prabhu.R, Karthik.R

College Name : Karpagam University, Coimbatore, TamilNadu, India

Area of Research : Computer Engineering

Abstract---Power heterogeneity is common in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs).With high-power nodes; MANETs can improve network scalability, connectivity, and broadcasting robustness. However, the throughput of power heterogeneous MANETs can be severely impacted by highpower nodes. To address this issue, we present a loosevirtual-clustering-based (LVC) routing protocol for power heterogeneous (LRPH) MANETs. To explore the advantages of high-power nodes, we develop an LVC algorithm to construct a hierarchical network and to eliminate unidirectional links to reduce the interference raised by high-power nodes; we develop routing algorithms to avoid packet forwarding via high-power nodes. Also introduce Quality based service and admission control technique for routing. Quality based service decrease the delay and energy failure. Admission control used to avoid packet loss. Providing quality of service (QoS) assurances in a mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is difficult due to node mobility, contention for channel access, a lack of centralized co-ordination, and the unreliable nature of the wireless channel. A QoS-aware routing (QAR) protocol and an admission control (AC) protocol are two of the most important components of a system attempting to provide QoS guarantees in the face of the above mentioned difficulties faced. 

Keywords: QoS-aware routing protocol, MANET, LRPH, and Admission control protocol.


For More About this Research Article visit http://www.ijsrd.com/Article.php?manuscript=IJSRDV2I2033

Friday, 18 September 2015

Special Issue For Data Mining

IJSRD is promoting a new field of this Digital Generation-“Data Mining”. In accordance to it IJSRD is inviting research Papers from you on subject of Data Mining. This is under special Issue Publication by IJSRD. In addition to this authors will have a chance to win the Best Paper Award under this category.
To submit your research paper on Data Mining Click Here

Best 25 papers will be published online. Participate in this special issue and get a chance to win the Best Paper Award for Data Mining. Also other authors will have special prizes to be won.
 What is Data Mining..?

Data mining (the analysis step of the "Knowledge Discovery in Databases" process. The overall goal of the data mining process is to extract information from a data set and transform it into an understandable structure for further use.
The actual data mining task is the automatic or semi-automatic analysis of large quantities of data to extract previously unknown, interesting patterns such as groups of data records, unusual records and dependencies.The Knowledge Discovery in Databases (KDD) process is commonly defined with the stages:
(1) Selection
(2) Pre-processing
(3) Transformation
(4) Data Mining
(5) Interpretation/Evaluation.
To know more…….

Data mining involves six common classes of tasks:

Anomaly detection (Outlier/change/deviation detection) – The identification of unusual data records, that might be interesting or data errors that require further investigation.
Association rule learning (Dependency modelling) – Searches for relationships between variables. For example, a supermarket might gather data on customer purchasing habits. Using association rule learning, the supermarket can determine which products are frequently bought together and use this information for marketing purposes. This is sometimes referred to as market basket analysis.
Clustering – is the task of discovering groups and structures in the data that are in some way or another "similar", without using known structures in the data.
Classification – is the task of generalizing known structure to apply to new data. For example, an e-mail program might attempt to classify an e-mail as "legitimate" or as "spam".
Regression – attempts to find a function which models the data with the least error.
Summarization – providing a more compact representation of the data set, including visualization and report generation.

Application Areas….


Games

            They are used to store human strategies into databases and based on that new tactics are designed by Computer ( in association with Machine Learning, Artificial Intelligence)

Business

            Businesses employing data mining may see a return on investment. In situations where a large number of models need to be maintained, some businesses turn to more automated data mining methodologies.In business, data mining is the analysis of historical business activities, stored as static data in data warehouse databases. The goal is to reveal hidden patterns and trends. Data mining software uses advanced pattern recognition algorithms to sift through large amounts of data to assist in discovering previously unknown strategic business information. Examples of what businesses use data mining for include performing market analysis to identify new product bundles, finding the root cause of manufacturing problems, to prevent customer attrition and acquire new customers, cross-selling to existing customers, and profiling customers with more accuracy.

Science and engineering

            In recent years, data mining has been used widely in the areas of science and engineering, such as bioinformatics, genetics, medicine, education and electrical power engineering.

Human rights

            Data mining of government records – especially records of the justice system (i.e., courts, prisons) – empowers the revelation of systemic human rights infringement in association with era and publication of invalid or deceitful lawful records by different government organizations

Medical data mining

            Some machine learning algorithms can be applied in medical field as second-opinion diagnostic tools and as tools for the knowledge extraction phase in the process of knowledge discovery in databases.

Spatial data mining

            Spatial data mining is the application of data mining methods to spatial data. The end objective of spatial data mining is to find patterns in data with respect to geography. So far, data mining and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have existed as two separate technologies, each with its own methods, traditions, and approaches to visualization and data analysis. Data mining offers great potential benefits for GIS-based applied decision-making.

Temporal data mining

            Data may contain attributes generated and recorded at different times. In this case finding meaningful relationships in the data may require considering the temporal order of the attributes.

Sensor data mining

            By measuring the spatial correlation between data sampled by different sensors, a wide class of specialized algorithms can be developed to develop more efficient spatial data mining algorithms.

Visual data mining

            During the time spent transforming from analogical into computerized, vast datasets have been created, gathered, and stored finding measurable patterns, trends and information which is covered up in real data, with a specific end goal to manufacture prescient formations(patterns)

For Submit article in special issue Click Here...

Friday, 21 August 2015

Emergent Artificial Intelligence

What happens when a computer can learn on the job?
Artificial intelligence (AI) is, in simple terms, the science of doing by computer the things that people can do. Over recent years, AI has advanced significantly: most of us now use smartphones that can recognize human speech, or have travelled through an airport immigration queue using image-recognition technology. Self-driving cars and automated flying drones are now in the testing stage before anticipated widespread use, while for certain learning and memory tasks, machines now outperform humans. Watson, an artificially intelligent computer system, beat the best human candidates at the quiz game Jeopardy.
Artificial intelligence, in contrast to normal hardware and software, enables a machine to perceive and respond to its changing environment. Emergent AI takes this a step further, with progress arising from machines that learn automatically by assimilating large volumes of information. An example is NELL, the Never-Ending Language Learning project from Carnegie Mellon University, a computer system that not only reads facts by crawling through hundreds of millions of web pages, but attempts to improve its reading and understanding competence in the process in order to perform better in the future.
Like next-generation robotics, improved AI will lead to significant productivity advances as machines take over – and even perform better – at certain tasks than humans. There is substantial evidence that self-driving cars will reduce collisions, and resulting deaths and injuries, from road transport, as machines avoid human errors, lapses in concentration and defects in sight, among other problems. Intelligent machines, having faster access to a much larger store of information, and able to respond without human emotional biases, might also perform better than medical professionals in diagnosing diseases. The Watson system is now being deployed in oncology to assist in diagnosis and personalized, evidence-based treatment options for cancer patients.
Long the stuff of dystopian sci-fi nightmares, AI clearly comes with risks – the most obvious being that super-intelligent machines might one day overcome and enslave humans. This risk, while still decades away, is taken increasingly seriously by experts, many of whom signed an open letter coordinated by the Future of Life Institute in January 2015 to direct the future of AI away from potential pitfalls. More prosaically, economic changes prompted by intelligent computers replacing human workers may exacerbate social inequalities and threaten existing jobs. For example, automated drones may replace most human delivery drivers, and self-driven short-hire vehicles could make taxis increasingly redundant.
On the other hand, emergent AI may make attributes that are still exclusively human – creativity, emotions, interpersonal relationships – more clearly valued. As machines grow in human intelligence, this technology will increasingly challenge our view of what it means to be human, as well as the risks and benefits posed by the rapidly closing gap between man and machine.
independent.academia.edu/IJSRD
ijsrdindia.blogspot.com/
www.ijsrd.com
http://www.ijsrd.com/SubmitManuscript

Tuesday, 18 August 2015

Fuel cell vehicles

Zero-emission cars that run on hydrogen
“Fuel cell” vehicles have been long promised, as they potentially offer several major advantages over electric and hydrocarbon-powered vehicles. However, the technology has only now begun to reach the stage where automotive companies are planning to launch them for consumers. Initial prices are likely to be in the range of $70,000, but should come down significantly as volumes increase within the next couple of years.
Unlike batteries, which must be charged from an external source, fuel cells generate electricity directly, using fuels such as hydrogen or natural gas. In practice, fuel cells and batteries are combined, with the fuel cell generating electricity and the batteries storing this energy until demanded by the motors that drive the vehicle. Fuel cell vehicles are therefore hybrids, and will likely also deploy regenerative braking – a key capability for maximizing efficiency and range.
Unlike battery-powered electric vehicles, fuel cell vehicles behave as any conventionally fuelled vehicle. With a long cruising range – up to 650 km per tank (the fuel is usually compressed hydrogen gas) – a hydrogen fuel refill only takes about three minutes. Hydrogen is clean-burning, producing only water vapour as waste, so fuel cell vehicles burning hydrogen will be zero-emission, an important factor given the need to reduce air pollution.
There are a number of ways to produce hydrogen without generating carbon emissions. Most obviously, renewable sources of electricity from wind and solar sources can be used to electrolyse water – though the overall energy efficiency of this process is likely to be quite low. Hydrogen can also be split from water in high-temperature nuclear reactors or generated from fossil fuels such as coal or natural gas, with the resulting CO2 captured and sequestered rather than released into the atmosphere.
As well as the production of cheap hydrogen on a large scale, a significant challenge is the lack of a hydrogen distribution infrastructure that would be needed to parallel and eventually replace petrol and diesel filling stations. Long distance transport of hydrogen, even in a compressed state, is not considered economically feasible today. However, innovative hydrogen storage techniques, such as organic liquid carriers that do not require high-pressure storage, will soon lower the cost of long-distance transport and ease the risks associated with gas storage and inadvertent release.
Mass-market fuel cell vehicles are an attractive prospect, because they will offer the range and fuelling convenience of today’s diesel and petrol-powered vehicles while providing the benefits of sustainability in personal transportation. Achieving these benefits will, however, require the reliable and economical production of hydrogen from entirely low-carbon sources, and its distribution to a growing fleet of vehicles (expected to number in the many millions within a decade).
                                                     http://goo.gl/yN1Ijg
                                                   https://goo.gl/BxFD7U
                                                   https://goo.gl/Kc6p5M
                                                    http://goo.gl/sIgs2u
                                                  https://goo.gl/iJF19D
                                                  http://goo.gl/R2jy3u
                                                 https://goo.gl/JyrGZE
http://www.ijsrd.com/SubmitManuscript

Tuesday, 11 August 2015

Special Issue For Image Processing



Best 25 papers will be published online.Participate in this special issue and get a chance to win the Best Paper Award for Image Processing. Also other authors will have special prizes to be won.

What is Image Processing?
Image processing is a method to convert an image into digital form and perform some operations on it, in order to get an enhanced image or to extract some useful information from it. It is a type of signal dispensation in which input is image, like video frame or photograph and output may be image or characteristics associated with that image. Usually Image Processingsystem includes treating images as two dimensional signals while applying already set signal processing methods to them. 
It is among rapidly growing technologies today, with its applications in various aspects of a business. Image Processing forms core research area within engineering and computer science disciplines too.Image processing usually refers to digital image processing, but optical and analog image processing also are possible.
Analog or visual techniques of image processing can be used for the hard copies like printouts and photographs. Image analysts use various fundamentals of interpretation while using these visual techniques. The image processing is not just confined to area that has to be studied but on knowledge of analyst. Association is another important tool in image processing through visual techniques. So analysts apply a combination of personal knowledge and collateral data to image processing.
Digital Processing techniques help in manipulation of the digital images by using computers. As raw data from imaging sensors from satellite platform contains deficiencies. To get over such flaws and to get originality of information, it has to undergo various phases of processing. The three general phases that all types of data have to undergo while using digital technique are Pre- processing, enhancement and display, information extraction.
If you have worked on any part of image processing prepare a research paper and submit to us
Image processing basically includes the following three steps.
  • Importing the image with optical scanner or by digital photography.The acquisition of images (producing the input image in the first place) is referred to as imaging.
  • Analyzing and manipulating the image which includes data compression and image enhancement and spotting patterns that are not to human eyes like satellite photographs.
  • Output is the last stage in which result can be altered image or report that is based on image analysis.

Purpose of Image processing
The purpose of image processing is divided into various groups. They are:
  • Visualization - Observe the objects that are not visible.
  • Image sharpening and restoration - To create a better image.
  • Image retrieval - Seek for the image of interest.
  • Measurement of pattern – Measures various objects in an image.
  • Image Recognition – Distinguish the objects in an image.

Applications of Image processing
Image processing has been an important stream of Research for various fields. Some of the application areas of Image processing are….
Intelligent Transportation Systems – E.g. Automatic Number Plate Recognition, Traffic Sign Recognition
Remote Sensing –E.g.Imaging of earth surfaces using multi Spectral Scanners/Cameras, Techniques to interpret captured images etc.
Object Tracking – E.g. Automated Guided Vehicles, Motion based Tracking, Object Recognition
 Defense surveillance – E.g. Analysis of Spatial Images, Object Distribution Pattern Analysis of Various wings of defense. Earth Imaging using UAV etc.
 Biomedical Imaging & Analysis – E.g. Various Imaging using X- ray, Ultrasound, computer aided tomography (CT) etc. Disease Prediction using acquired images, Digital mammograms.etc.
Automatic Visual Inspection System – E.g.Automatic inspection of incandescent lamp filaments, Automatic surface inspection systems,    Faulty component identification etc.
And many other applications…..
To contribute your research work in Image processing please prepare an article on it and submit to us. 

http://www.ijsrd.com/SpecialIssuehttp://www.ijsrd.com/SubmitManuscript


Wednesday, 5 August 2015

Special Issue For Image Processing Journal #IJSRD

Best 25 papers will be published online.Participate in this special issue and get a chance to win the Best Paper Award for Image Processing. Also other authors will have special prizes to be won.

What is Image Processing?
Image processing is a method to convert an image into digital form and perform some operations on it, in order to get an enhanced image or to extract some useful information from it. It is a type of signal dispensation in which input is image, like video frame or photograph and output may be image or characteristics associated with that image. Usually Image Processingsystem includes treating images as two dimensional signals while applying already set signal processing methods to them. 
It is among rapidly growing technologies today, with its applications in various aspects of a business. Image Processing forms core research area within engineering and computer science disciplines too.Image processing usually refers to digital image processing, but optical and analog image processing also are possible.
Analog or visual techniques of image processing can be used for the hard copies like printouts and photographs. Image analysts use various fundamentals of interpretation while using these visual techniques. The image processing is not just confined to area that has to be studied but on knowledge of analyst. Association is another important tool in image processing through visual techniques. So analysts apply a combination of personal knowledge and collateral data to image processing.
Digital Processing techniques help in manipulation of the digital images by using computers. As raw data from imaging sensors from satellite platform contains deficiencies. To get over such flaws and to get originality of information, it has to undergo various phases of processing. The three general phases that all types of data have to undergo while using digital technique are Pre- processing, enhancement and display, information extraction.
If you have worked on any part of image processing prepare a research paper and submit to us
Image processing basically includes the following three steps.
  • Importing the image with optical scanner or by digital photography.The acquisition of images (producing the input image in the first place) is referred to as imaging.
  • Analyzing and manipulating the image which includes data compression and image enhancement and spotting patterns that are not to human eyes like satellite photographs.
  • Output is the last stage in which result can be altered image or report that is based on image analysis.

Purpose of Image processing
The purpose of image processing is divided into various groups. They are:
  • Visualization - Observe the objects that are not visible.
  • Image sharpening and restoration - To create a better image.
  • Image retrieval - Seek for the image of interest.
  • Measurement of pattern – Measures various objects in an image.
  • Image Recognition – Distinguish the objects in an image.

Applications of Image processing
Image processing has been an important stream of Research for various fields. Some of the application areas of Image processing are….
Intelligent Transportation Systems – E.g. Automatic Number Plate Recognition, Traffic Sign Recognition
Remote Sensing –E.g.Imaging of earth surfaces using multi Spectral Scanners/Cameras, Techniques to interpret captured images etc.
Object Tracking – E.g. Automated Guided Vehicles, Motion based Tracking, Object Recognition
 Defense surveillance – E.g. Analysis of Spatial Images, Object Distribution Pattern Analysis of Various wings of defense. Earth Imaging using UAV etc.
 Biomedical Imaging & Analysis – E.g. Various Imaging using X- ray, Ultrasound, computer aided tomography (CT) etc. Disease Prediction using acquired images, Digital mammograms.etc.
Automatic Visual Inspection System – E.g.Automatic inspection of incandescent lamp filaments, Automatic surface inspection systems,    Faulty component identification etc.
And many other applications…..
To contribute your research work in Image processing please prepare an article on it and submit to us.

Saturday, 28 February 2015

#IJSRD #New Milestone #Leading E-Journal #India

Thanks 2 all Authors For Making Fastest Growing E-Journal of INDIA.
IJSRD Successfully Completed 24 Issue.
Submission is open For Volume 3 - Issue 1 ,2015
Papers Received - More then 10000
Total Authors- More then 12000
Accepted Papers - More Then 3200